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Association between preoperative oxygen reserve index and postoperative pulmonary complications: a prospective observational study
Sangho Lee, Halin Hong, Hyojin Cho, Sang-Wook Lee, Ann Hee You, et al.
Korean J Anesthesiol. 2025;78(3):224-235.

Review Article

March 20, 2025


Revisiting anesthesia-induced preconditioning for neuroprotection in the aging brain: a narrative review
Tao Zhang, Woosuk Chung, Beverley A. Orser
Korean J Anesthesiol. 2025;78(3):187-198.

The growing number of older adults undergoing surgery necessitates that we address the adverse effects of overt and covert perioperative stroke. Preclinical studies have suggested that anesthesia-induced preconditioning may provide neuroprotection by preserving mitochondrial function, activating cytosolic signaling pathways, and reducing neuroinflammation. However, these promising findings from animal studies have not yet translated into improved clinical outcomes. The discordance between preclinical and clinical outcomes may be due to age-related mitochondrial dysfunction and other comorbidities in older human populations, which reduce the effectiveness of anesthetic preconditioning. Mitochondria, which are central to the effectiveness of preconditioning, may be therapeutic targets to restore the neuroprotective effects of anesthetic preconditioning in the aging brain....

Statistical Round

March 26, 2025


Comprehensive reporting guidelines and checklist for studies developing and utilizing artificial intelligence models
Sang Gyu Kwak, Jonghae Kim
Korean J Anesthesiol. 2025;78(3):199-214.
Background: The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare necessitates comprehensive and standardized reporting guidelines to ensure transparency, reproducibility, and ethical applications in clinical research. Existing reporting standards are limited by their focus on specific study designs. We aimed to develop a comprehensive set of guidelines and a checklist for reporting studies that develop and utilize AI models in healthcare, covering all essential components of AI research regardless of the study design. Methods: Two experts in statistics from the Statistical Round of the Korean Journal of Anesthesiology developed these guidelines and checklist. The key elements essential for AI model reporting were identified and organized into structured sections, including study design,...

Clinical Research Article

April 17, 2025


Effect of mild hypercapnia during the recovery period on the emergence time from total intravenous anesthesia: a randomized controlled trial
Lan Liu, Xiangde Chen, Qingjuan Chen, Xiuyi Lu, Lili Fang, et al.
Korean J Anesthesiol. 2025;78(3):215-223.

Background: Intraoperative hypercapnia reduces the time to emergence from volatile anesthetics, but few clinical studies have explored the effect of hypercapnia on the emergence time from intravenous (IV) anesthesia. We investigated the effect of inducing mild hypercapnia during the recovery period on the emergence time after total IV anesthesia (TIVA). Methods: Adult patients undergoing transurethral lithotripsy under TIVA were randomly allocated to normocapnia group (end-tidal carbon dioxide [ETCO2] 35–40 mmHg) or mild hypercapnia group (ETCO2 50-55 mmHg) during the recovery period. The primary outcome was the extubation...

Clinical Research Article

February 17, 2025


Association between preoperative oxygen reserve index and postoperative pulmonary complications: a prospective observational study
Sangho Lee, Halin Hong, Hyojin Cho, Sang-Wook Lee, Ann Hee You, et al.
Korean J Anesthesiol. 2025;78(3):224-235.

Background: The oxygen reserve index (ORi) noninvasively measures oxygen levels within the mild hyperoxia range. To evaluate whether a degree of increase in the ORi during preoxygenation for general anesthesia is associated with the occurrence of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). Methods: We enrolled 154 patients who underwent preoperative pulmonary function tests and were scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia. We aimed to measure the increase in ORi during preoxygenation before general anesthesia and analyze its association with PPCs. Results: PPCs occurred in 76 (49%) participants. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the three-minute preoxygenation ORi was significantly associated with PPCs (Odds ratio [OR]: 0.02, 95% CI [0.00–0.16], P < 0.001). The...

Clinical Research Article

February 10, 2025


A simple sonographic approach to thoracic transforaminal epidural injections for zoster-associated pain involving multiple nerves: an exploratory prospective cohort study
Shuyue Zheng, Dan Wang, Li Yue, Liangliang He
Korean J Anesthesiol. 2025;78(3):236-247.

Background: A simple superoposterior approach to thoracic transforaminal epidural injections (TFEIs) under ultrasonographic guidance was proposed to reduce zoster-associated pain (ZAP) involving multiple thoracic nerves and the likelihood of transitioning to postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). Methods: Patients were prospectively enrolled. Primary endpoints were the burden of illness (BOI) scores and epidural contrast spread. Secondary endpoints included number of needle insertion attempts, sensory blockade, hemodynamic changes, procedure time, radiation dose, adverse events, rescue analgesics, PHN incidence and EuroQoL 5-Dimension scores. Results: Thirty-five injections were performed in 27 patients. Median levels of cephalad-caudad epidural contrast...

Clinical Research Article

April 4, 2025


Comparison of combined intranasal dexmedetomidine and ketamine versus chloral hydrate for pediatric procedural sedation: a randomized controlled trial
Young-Eun Jang, Eun-Young Joo, Jung-Bin Park, Sang-Hwan Ji, Eun-Hee Kim, et al.
Korean J Anesthesiol. 2025;78(3):248-260.

Background: We hypothesized that intranasal combination of dexmedetomidine (2 μg/kg) and ketamine (3 mg/kg) (IN DEXKET) improves the success rate of sedation in pediatric patients compared with chloral hydrate (CH; 50 mg/kg). Methods: This prospective, two-center, single-blinded, randomized controlled trial involved 136 pediatric patients (aged < 7 years) requiring procedural sedation. The participants were randomized to receive CH or IN DEXKET via a mucosal atomizer device. The primary outcome was the success rate of sedation (Pediatric Sedation State Scale, scores 1–3) within 15 min. The secondary outcomes included sedation failure...

Clinical Research Article

March 26, 2025


Liver transplantation outcomes in patients with primary tricuspid regurgitation with coaptation defects: a retrospective analysis in a high-volume transplant center
Kyoung-Sun Kim, Sun-Young Ha, Seong-Mi Yang, Hye-Mee Kwon, Sung-Hoon Kim, et al.
Korean J Anesthesiol. 2025;78(3):261-271.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality after liver transplantation (LT). Although the impact of secondary tricuspid regurgitation (TR) with severe pulmonary hypertension (PH) is well investigated, the impact of primary TR with tricuspid valve incompetence (TVI) on LT outcomes remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and impact of primary TR with TVI on LT outcomes in a large-volume LT center. Methods: We retrospectively examined 5 512 consecutive LT recipients who underwent routine pretransplant echocardiography between 2008 and 2020. Patients were categorized based on the presence of anatomical...

Clinical Research Article

March 31, 2025


‘Think Drink’ approach to minimize unnecessary preoperative fasting: 18 years audit experience
Katarzyna A. R. MacDougall, Shahnoor E. S. Bushra, Santhana G. Kannan
Korean J Anesthesiol. 2025;78(3):272-278.

Background: Fasting guidelines have long recommended that patients can have clear fluids until 2 h prior to surgery. Multiple audits in our institution showed that patients had prolonged fluid fasting duration, despite being given preoperative instructions. This paper presents the results of audits in our institution relating to fasting since 2004 and the outcome of interventions undertaken. Methods: Audits conducted in 2004, 2008, 2018, 2021, and 2022 were reviewed, with a focus on fasting duration for clear fluids. Interventions that led to significant improvements were identified. Results: The median fasting duration for clear fluids was 8 h, 8 h 42 min, and 7 h 42 min in 2004, 2008, and...
Recto-intercostal plane block for upper abdominal analgesia: the ultimate solution?
Serkan Tulgar, Ali Ahiskalioglu, Muhammed Enes Aydin, Alessandro De Cassai
[Epub ahead of print]

Letter to the Editor

June 9, 2025
An adjustment of fraction of inspired oxygen using the oxygen reserve index during one-lung ventilation in pediatric patients: a prospective, randomized controlled trial
Jung-Bin Park, Pyoyoon Kang, Sang-Hwan Ji, Young-Eun Jang, Eun-Hee Kim, Jin-Tae Kim, Hee-Soo Kim, Ji-Hyun Lee
[Epub ahead of print]

Clinical Research Article

May 26, 2025
Diagnosis of flexor hallucis longus tenosynovitis using the cross-sectional area of the flexor hallucis longus tendon
SoYoon Park, Young Uk Kim
[Epub ahead of print]

Clinical Research Article

May 23, 2025
Changes in pulse wave transit time variability after interscalene brachial plexus block placement
Eun Joo Choi, Jung A Lim, Chang Hyuk Choi, Dong Hyuck Kim, Sungbin Jo, Jonghae Kim
[Epub ahead of print]

Clinical Research Article

May 21, 2025
Beyond suction: should we consider post-aspiration recruitment maneuvers?
Cyril Pernod, Pierre-Julien Cungi, Hilaire de Malleray, Quentin Mathais, Michael Cardinale, Philippe Goutorbe
[Epub ahead of print]

Letter to the Editor

May 16, 2025
Injectate distribution patterns with the posterior infrazygomatic and transoral approaches to the pterygopalatine fossa
Anže Jerman, Luka Pušnik, Erika Cvetko, Nejc Umek, Žiga Snoj
[Epub ahead of print]

Experimental Research Article

May 13, 2025
The effect of perioperative ketamine and esketamine administration on postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing general anesthesia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Kwon Hui Seo, Shu Chung Choi, Jueun Kwak, Na Jin Kim
[Epub ahead of print]

Clinical Research Article

May 8, 2025
Receptor subtype-dependent effects of propofol on metalloproteinase activity, NKG2D ligand expression, and NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity in breast cancer: an in vitro study
Hyun-Su Ri, Hyeon Jeong Lee, Jaeho Bae, Ah-Reum Cho, Jae Rin Kim, Seungbin Park, Kah Young Lee, Soeun Jeon
[Epub ahead of print]

Experimental Research Article

May 7, 2025
Authors’ reply to “Comment on: ‘Axillary serratus anterior plane block as a novel approach to anesthetizing the intercostobrachial nerve’”
Chi Ho Chan, Jia Yin Lim, Abey M.V. Mathews
[Epub ahead of print]

Letter to the Editor

May 2, 2025
Comment on “Axillary serratus anterior plane block as a novel approach to anesthetizing the intercostobrachial nerve for upper arm arteriovenous fistula creation surgery -three case reports-”
Raghuraman M Sethuraman
[Epub ahead of print]

Letter to the Editor

May 2, 2025
Predicting neurological complications post clipping surgery in unruptured intracranial aneurysms using the NEURO score: a multi-center retrospective cohort study
Yeon Ju Kim, Ah Ran Oh, Soo Jeong, Jungchan Park, Min-Ju Kim, Seong-yoon Kim, Wonhyoung Park, Jae Sung Ahn, Chan-Sik Kim, Ji-Hoon Sim, et al.
[Epub ahead of print]

Clinical Research Article

April 25, 2025
Effect of low-dose volatile anesthetics on intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring during anesthesia with remimazolam
Hee-Sun Park, Wonho Choi, Dong-Ho Lee, Yong Seo Koo, Se Keun Oh, Won Uk Koh
[Epub ahead of print]

Clinical Research Article

April 22, 2025
Evaluation of the efficacy of M-TAPA and EXORA block application for analgesia after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a prospective, single-blind, observational study
Korgün Ökmen, Durdu Kahraman Yıldız, Gökberk Kürşat Ülker
[Epub ahead of print]

Clinical Research Article

April 15, 2025
Laparotomy and burst suppression-inducing sevoflurane induce subtle long-term changes in anxiety and social behavior in late postnatal mice
Tao Zhang, Yulim Lee, Xianshu Ju, Jiho Park, Boohwi Hong, Jianchen Cui, Yeonsu Kim, Seongeun Kim, Chul Hee Choi, Jun Young Heo, et al.
[Epub ahead of print]

Experimental Research Article

April 9, 2025
Association between preoperative anemia and postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery: a retrospective observational study
Ah Ran Oh, Jungchan Park, Chung Soo Kim, Sangmin Maria Lee, Seung Yeon Yoo
[Epub ahead of print]

Clinical Research Article

April 7, 2025
How to construct analysis of covariance in clinical trials: ANCOVA with one covariate in a completely randomized design structure
WooJin Jung, Kwan Lee, Hyung-Hwan Kim, Chiyeon Lim
[Epub ahead of print]

Statistical Round

April 4, 2025
Effects of a virtual reality digital twin of the operating theatre on anxiety in pediatric surgery patients: a randomized controlled trial
Jiyoun Lee, Jung-Hee Ryu, Jin-Hee Kim, Sung-Hee Han, Jin-Woo Park
[Epub ahead of print]

Clinical Research Article

April 2, 2025
Intertruncal versus classical approach to supraclavicular brachial plexus block on sensory-motor blockade for upper extremity surgery: a randomized controlled non-inferiority trial
Zhipeng Wang, Jinyan Guo, Hanbin Xie, Guoliang Sun, Jianqiang Guan, Weifeng Yao, Quehua Luo
[Epub ahead of print]

Clinical Research Article

March 19, 2025
A modified hip pericapsular nerve block on postoperative pain and functional outcomes after total hip arthroplasty: a prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled study
Jian Hu, Qiuru Wang, Jie Hu, Chunyu Gong, Jing Yang
[Epub ahead of print]

Clinical Research Article

March 13, 2025
Efficacy of Pectoral Nerve II Block for Flap Dissection-Related Pain Following Robot-Assisted Transaxillary Thyroidectomy: A Prospective, Randomized Controlled Trial
Min Suk Chae, Kwangsoon Kim
[Epub ahead of print]

Clinical Research Article

February 24, 2025
Bicarbonate-buffered solution versus Plasma-Lyte™ in orthotopic adult liver transplantation: a pilot open-label, randomized, non-inferiority trial
Fumitaka Yanase, Laurence Weinberg, Michael Jiang, Varun Peri, Rebecca Caragata, Jian Wen Chan, Lachlan F. Miles, Shervin Tosif, Louise Ellard, Peter McCall, et al.
[Epub ahead of print]

Clinical Research Article

February 18, 2025
Influence of psychological factors on the benefit from interpectoral and pectoserratus plane block for recovery after partial mastectomy: a randomized controlled trial
Sung Yeon Ham, Jooyoung Oh, Ji Yeong Kim, Juyeong Park, Hye Sun Lee, Soong June Bae, Seung Ho Baek, Yoonwon Kook, Joon Jeong, Sung Gwe Ahn, et al.
[Epub ahead of print]

Clinical Research Article

February 17, 2025
Heterogeneity in meta-analyses: an unavoidable challenge worth exploring
Geun Joo Choi, Hyun Kang
[Epub ahead of print]

Review Article

February 14, 2025
Mortality and factors associated with acute exacerbation after noncardiac surgery in patients with interstitial pneumonia: a retrospective study
Kaoru Umehara, Kazuhiro Shirozu, Taichi Ando, Kentaro Tokuda, Kei Makishima, Kazuya Imura, Shota Tsumura, Shinnosuke Takamori, Ken Yamaura
[Epub ahead of print]

Clinical Research Article

February 3, 2025
Efficacy of light-transmitting eye shields for wound dressing in preventing pediatric emergence agitation following bilateral strabismus surgeries: a randomized clinical trial
Rui Zhang, Ting Huang, Peiting Fan, Zhubin Xie, Yanling Zhu, Xiaoliang Gan
[Epub ahead of print]

Clinical Research Article

January 16, 2025
Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: comparison of subarachnoid analgesia, erector spine plane block, and intravenous analgesia for postoperative pain management
Pasquale Buonanno, Nicola Logrieco, Annachiara Marra, Lorenzo Spirito, Gianluigi Califano, Federica Blasio, Nausica Di Falco, Achille Aveta, Gianluca Spena, Giuseppe Servillo
[Epub ahead of print]

Clinical Research Article

June 14, 2023
WITHDRAWN:Smartphones are definitely a boon in operation theatre if used smartly enough
Anju Gupta, Nishkarsh Gupta
[Epub ahead of print]

Letter to the Editor

June 20, 2019
  • Journal Impact Factor 4.2
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  • Axillary serratus anterior plane block as a novel approach to anesthetizing the intercostobrachial nerve for upper arm arteriovenous fistula creation surgery -three case reports-. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2025;78:279-284
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