| The Optimal Concentration of Ropivacaine in Combination with Butorphanol 50micro gram/ml for Patient-Controlled Epidural Analgesia. |
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Dong Hee Kim |
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Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea. anesdhkim@hanmail.net |
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| Abstract |
BACKGROUND
Opioids may be used in a dose-sparing capacity with local anesthetics to reduce the dose needed. This study examined the efficacy of different concentrations of ropivacaine combined with butorphanol 50 micro gram/ml to provide postoperative analgesia.
METHODS
Sixty parturients were received epidural infusion with 0.075% ropivacaine (Group 1: n = 20), 0.1% ropivacaine (Group 2: n = 20) and 0.15% ropivacaine (Group 3: n = 20) in combination with butorphanol 50 micro gram/ml using patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) after cesarean section. PCEA was started with basal infusion of 4 ml of PCEA solution and 4 ml of bolus infusion at 10 min of lockout interval. Using a visual analogue scale (VAS) assessed the degree of pain and incidences of side effects were checked.
RESULTS
Total infusion doses of ropivacaine were significantly higher in group 3, and butorphanol consumption were significantly lower in group 3 (P<0.05). The incidences of nausea, vomiting and sedation were significantly higher in group 1 (P<0.05). There were no significantly differences in VAS pain score and other side effects among the groups.
CONCLUSIONS
This study suggests that 0.1% or 0.15% ropivacaine with butorphanol 50micro gram//ml for PCEA can provide the most effective analgesia with less side effects after cesarean section. |
| Key Words:
Butorphanol; cesarean section; patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA); ropivacaine |
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