| The Effect of Nicorandil on the Pharmacodynamics of Rocuronium. |
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Soo Il Lee, Jong Hwan Lee, Seung Cheol Lee, Jung Moo Lee |
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Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea. silee@dau.ac.kr |
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| Abstract |
BACKGROUND
Some investigators have shown that nicorandil, a K(ATP) channel opener, depresses the neuromuscular transmission contraction of the skeletal muscle. However, others have reported that it improves the recovery of vecuronium relaxation and the myotonic activity of muscle.
This study investigated the effect of nicorandil on rocuronium relaxation.
METHODS
Hemidiaphragm-phrenic nerve preparations were obtained from male Sprague-Dawley rats (150-250 g). The preparations were bathed in Krebs' solution containing in (mM): NaCl 118, KCl 5, CaCl2 2.5, NaHCO3 30, KH2PO4 1, MgCl2 1 and glucose 11. The preparations were, then maintained at 32 degrees C and aerated with a mixture of 95% O2 and 5% CO2. Isometric forces that were generated in response to 0.1 Hz, and, 50 Hz for 1.9 seconds with supramaximal electrical stimulation (0.2 msec, rectangular) to the phrenic nerve were measured using a force transducer. The single twitch tension (ST) and peak tetanic tension (PTT) were calculated as % inhibition of the control, and the tetanic fade (TF), as % increase in the PTT. Each preparation was exposed to one of the 6 nicorandil concentrations (0.0, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 micrometer), and the adequate volume of the rocuronium solution was cumulatively added to the tissue bath for a desired rocuronium concentration until there was an 80-90% decrease in the ST. The effect of rocuronium at each concentration was allowed to reach a steady state before the tension parameters were measured. The EC5, EC25, EC50, EC75, and EC95 of rocuronium for the ST, PTT and TF were calculated using a probit model. The differences between the EC50 of rocuronium according to the nicorandil concentrations were tested using a t-test and a Bonferroni's correction.
RESULTS
1.25 and 2.5 micrometer nicorandil shifted the cumulative concentration-response curves for the TF of rocuronium to the right. 5 and 10 micrometer nicorandil shifted the cumulative concentration-response curves for the ST of rocuronium to the left.
CONCLUSIONS
Lower concentration of nicorandil may help maintain the tetanic contraction during rocuronium relaxation. |
| Key Words:
K(ATP) channel opener; nicorandil; rat hemidiaphragm; rocuronium |
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