| The Assessment of Explicit Memory and Implicit Memory after General Anesthesia for Cesarean Section Using the Process Dissociation Procedure. |
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Woo Jae Jeon, Gyu Jeong Noh, Jae Hang Shim, Sang Yoon Cho, Jong Hoon Yeom, Woo Jong Shin, Kyoung Hun Kim |
1Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea. goldnan@hanyang.ac.kr
2Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine,Ulsan University, Seoul, Korea. |
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| Abstract |
BACKGROUND
It is still unclear whether intraoperative events result entirely from moments of inadequate anesthesia. We used the process dissociation procedure to estimate implicit and explicit memory for words presented during elective cesarean sections.
METHODS
Sixty patients undergoing elective cesarean sections were studied. We used a word stem completion test for memory testing. Four lists of words was played via headphones during cesarean section. During testing, two lists were used in the inclusion part (one target and one distractor list); the remaining two lists were used in the exclusion part. BIS was recorded on a computer during word presentation.
RESULTS
The duration of surgery was 67.1+/-13.9 min. The mean BIS during word presentation was 73.4+/-2.5. In the inclusion part, target hit rates (i.e., the probability of responding sucessfully to a word presented during surgery) were statistically significantly higher than distractor hit rates (0.21 vs. 0.12), and in the exclusion part target hit rates were statistically significantly higher than distractor hit rates (0.17 vs. 0.11). During testing, none of the patients was able to recall the correct words presented during surgery when presented with the word stem aurally and visually.
CONCLUSIONS
We found evidence of implicit memory after general anesthesia for cesarean section using the process dissociation procedure, and found that implicit memory can occur in the absence of conscious recall. |
| Key Words:
awareness; bispectral index; cesarean section; memory; process dissociation procedure; word-stem completion |
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