| Effects of Verapamil Combined with Esmolol on Blood Pressure and Heart Rates during Tracheal Intubation. |
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Yong Son, Kyoung Il Kim, Yu Sun Choi, Young Pyo Cheong, Tai Yo Kim, Jae Seung Yoon |
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Department of Anesthesiology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea. |
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| Abstract |
BACKGROUND
Antihypertensive agents such as verapamil and esmolol are well known for their effects of hemodynamic stabilization on tracheal intubation. However, our previous study, Verapamil and esmolol did not attenuate heart rate and blood pressure. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of combined administration of these drugs for controlling hemodynamic responses to tracheal intubation.
METHODS
Forty-eight patients, ASA physical status I or II, were randomly assigned to one of four groups (n = 12 each):normal saline (control), verapamil 0.1 mg/kg, esmolol 1 mg/kg, and verapamil 0.05 mg/kg mixed with esmolol 0.5 mg/kg. Anesthesia was induced with thiopental 5 mg/kg intravenously, and then saline, verapamil, esmolol or the mixed drugs were administered as an intravenous bolus, and immediately followed by succinylcholine 1.5 mg/kg. Tracheal intubation was performed 90 s after intravenous injection of experimental drugs. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were measured before induction and every minute for 5 minutes after tracheal intubation.
RESULTS
There was a significant attenuation in systolic blood pressure after tracheal intubation in the verapamil and mixed groups compared to the control and esmolol groups.
Heart rates were significantly lower in the esmolol and mixed groups than in the verapamil groups after tracheal intubation.
CONCLUSIONS
Combined administration of Verapamil 0.05 mg/kg with esmolol 0.5 mg/kg attenuated increases in blood pressure and heart rate after tracheal intubation. |
| Key Words:
Intubation, trachea: sympathetic stimulation; Pharmacology: verapamil; esmolol |
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