| The Pretreatment Effects of Morphine, Propofol, Atropine, and Midazolam on Fentanyl Cough Response. |
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Jeong Yeon Hong, Hae Keum Kil, Won Oak Kim, Youn Woo Lee, Chang Ho Kim |
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| Abstract |
BACKGROUND
The afferent and efferent pathways of fentanyl cough response (FCR) and central organization are poorly understood at present. The aim of this study was to investigate the pretreatment effects of morphine, propofol, atropine, and midazolam on FCR.
METHOD
The 120 healthy patients were randomly assigned to six equal pretreatment groups. They received 2ug/kg fentanyl rapidly through a peripheral venous catheter. The patients in each group were pretreated before the time necessary for peak plasma levels with different drugs as follows: group 1, no premedication; group 2, morphine 0.05 mg/kg iv; group 3, morphine 0.05 mg/kg iv naloxone 0.01mg/kg iv; group 4, propofol 0.5 mg/kg iv; group 5, atropine 0.01 mg/kg iv; group 6, midazolam 0.05 mg/kg iv. The patients were observed for any coughing or side effects, including oxygen desaturation, bronchoconstriction, chest wall rigidity and seizure.
RESULT
40% of patients in group 1 (control) had a cough response to fentanyl. Group 2 (morphine) and group 3 (morphine naloxone) showed a reduced FCR of 10%. The incidence of coughing was 60% of the patients in group 4 (propofol), 30% in group 5 (atropine), and 40% in group 6 (midazolam). These were not statistically significant.
CONCLUSION
FCR is not altered by pretreatment with propofol, atropine, or midazolam, but morphine inhibits cough response and this antitussive effect was not antagonized by naloxone. |
| Key Words:
Anesthetics, intravenous, fentanyl, midazolam, morphine, propofol; Parasympathetic nervous system, atropine; Reflexes, cough |
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